The existence of significant uranium resources in Virginia has been known for several decades. Some concerns about environmental and health effects led state legislators in 1982 to impose a moratorium on uranium mining until a thorough study could be done. Today there is renewed interest in removing the moratorium and allowing development of what has been called Virginia’s largest untapped energy resource, the Coles Hill uranium deposit in Pittsylvania County. This Policy Brief concludes Virginia can take advantage of its uranium resources in a safe and environmentally responsible manner.