The agreement between the United States and South Korea that allows U.S. commercial nuclear exports to South Korea expires in March 2014. An extension must be negotiated by spring 2013. Failure to negotiate the extension would have substantial negative safety, technological, economic, and nonproliferation impacts on both countries. Still, the negotiations have become controversial. South Korea is seeking access to a broader spectrum of technology, while the U.S. wants to maintain tighter controls. The resolution lies somewhere in between. A fair agreement will recognize South Korea’s emerging role as an international leader in the global commercial nuclear industry by allowing it access to the technologies it needs, such as proliferation-resistant used-fuel-management technology, while maintaining tighter controls on technologies such as enrichment, which the U.S. correctly understands as carrying a higher proliferation risk.